WHAT IS ORGANIC COMPOSITION? TYPES OF CURRENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
What is organic fertilizer? Currently, on the market today is very diverse with hundreds, thousands of brands, uses and ingredients, ... different. In order to make a smart choice, best suited to the type of crop and the condition of the land being cultivated, farmers need to have a good understanding of organic fertilizers to achieve high efficiency in agricultural farming.
I. What is organic fertilizer?
Are fertilizers derived from livestock and poultry waste, residues of leaves, by-products from agricultural production, peat or organic waste from daily life, kitchens, factories, etc. seafood, seafood…
Organic fertilizers contain multi-, medium-, and micro-nutrients in the form of organic compounds and are used in agricultural production. When applied to the soil, organic fertilizers help improve the soil, increase the porosity and fertility of the soil by adding and providing microorganisms, humus, and organic matter to the soil and plants.
II. Classification of organic fertilizers
Based on the source of organic fertilizers, they can be divided into two main groups
Industrial organic fertilizers (bio-organic fertilizers, microbial organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and mineral organic fertilizers)
Traditional organic fertilizers (garbage, green manure, manure, ...)
1. Industrial organic fertilizer
Are fertilizers made from organic substances of different origins, using industrial processes to process large quantities of up to thousands of tons, applying scientific and technical advances to improve quality and nutrient levels of fertilizers compared to input materials and traditional organic fertilizers.
a. Microorganic fertilizer
Is an organic fertilizer in its composition containing one or more useful microorganisms in many groups: parasitic microorganisms, nitrogen fixing microorganisms, organic matter degrading microorganisms, and microorganisms. resistant, cellulose-degrading microorganisms, etc.
* Advantage:
Supplementation promotes the development of soil microorganisms, decomposes difficult-to-absorb plant substances into easily absorbable forms for plants, mostly nitrogen, controls pathogens that exist in the soil, and increases absorption efficiency. fertilizer.
* Defect:
Microbial fertilizers only provide a sufficient amount or sometimes do not provide nutrients (from phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, etc.) Sufficient and balanced nutrients needed for plants.
Each fertilizer is suitable for a specific group of crops and has its own shelf life. For example, nitrogen-fixing microbial fertilizers are only suitable for fertilizing legumes, etc.
It costs an extra cost to fertilize organic fertilizers because microorganisms also need organic matter as a food source to grow, so it is necessary to add an additional amount of organic fertilizer to make food for them.
b. Bio-organic fertilizer
Ingredients with more than 22% are organic substances. Made with organic ingredients blended and treated by fermentation plus one or more beneficial microorganisms to enhance and balance the levels of important plant nutrients.
* Advantage:
Provide adequate, balanced mineral nutrients needed for plants
Can be used for all stages of the plant
Help improve the chemical - physiological - physical properties of the soil, add a large amount of Humin, Humic acid, humus, ... prevent leaching of nutrients, decompose toxins in the soil and prevent soil erosion.
Provides microorganisms that break down substances that are difficult for plants to absorb into easily absorbed, environmentally friendly, safe for humans and beneficial organisms. Increases the efficiency of absorbing nutrients from the soil.
Providing natural antibiotics to help increase the natural resistance and resistance of plants to pests and diseases.
* Defect:
Compared with other fertilizers, the cost is usually higher, but in return, better quality will increase productivity and quality of agricultural products.
c. Microorganic fertilizer
The organic matter content is over 15%. Processed with a variety of organic ingredients according to industrial processes, fermented with one or more strains of beneficial microorganisms containing live spores.
* Advantage:
Improve the fertility, porosity of the soil, add enough micronutrients for plants. Provides a quantity of microorganisms that decompose difficult-to-absorb substances into easily absorbed, parasites, antagonistic microorganisms, etc.
Helps to restrain and inhibit the growth of pathogens in the soil, improve plant resistance.
* Defect:
Compared with bio-organic fertilizers, the content of organic substances is lower.
d. Mineral organic fertilizer
Is an organic fertilizer mixed with inorganic mineral elements including N, P, K. Containing from 8-18% of total inorganic substances (chemical N, P, K), containing at least 15% part is organic matter.
* Advantage:
High mineral nutrient content.
* Defect:
Long-term fertilization will not be good for the soil and soil biota.
2. Traditional organic fertilizer
Derived from livestock and poultry manure, waste, green manure, products in agricultural production, agro-forestry-fishery processing, etc., processed by traditional composting techniques.
In general, traditional organic fertilizers often have a long processing time, slow potency, and relatively low nutrient content.
a. Green manure
Derived from fresh leaves and stems processed by composting or burying in the soil to fertilize soil and plants.
* Advantage:
Green manure has the effect of limiting erosion, protecting and improving soil.
* Defect:
The effect of green manure is quite slow, it can only be used as a primer. Causing organic matter poisoning when burying stems and leaves in the soil to decompose organic substances, it can easily lead to the generation of toxic substances such as CH4, H2S, etc.
b. Garbage feces
Derived from straw, rice straw, stems, leaves from agricultural production, ... processed by traditional composting methods.
* Advantage:
Prevent drought for trees, limit erosion, help increase porosity and stabilize soil structure.
* Defect:
The processing is complicated and takes a long time, but the nutrient content is low. Can carry plant pathogens or weed seeds (compost crop residues) if not handled properly.
c. Manure
Sourced from manure, animal urine such as cattle, poultry, northern manure, etc., which are processed by traditional composting methods.
* Advantage:
Contains multi-media mineral nutrients, provides humus to help improve soil, increases fertility, loosens soil, stabilizes structure, facilitates root development, limits drought and erosion trail.
* Defect:
Having to apply a large amount of fertilizer because it contains only low nutrient content, high transportation costs, and a lot of labor.
In case of improper processing or use of fresh manure, it will carry many pathogens for plants such as bacteria, viruses, fungal spores, weed seeds, insect cocoon... human.
d. Peat
Must be processed to be used for plants. Can't apply peat directly
* Advantage:
Improve soil, increase fertility and organic level in the soil.
* Defect:
It is costly and laborious because peat has low nutrient content and complicated processing, so a large amount of fertilizer is required.
With the above sharing, we hope to help readers better understand the advantages and disadvantages of organic fertilizers, making it easier for people to choose which fertilizer is suitable.